To Kill or Not to Kill Free Essays

The death penalty: TO KILL OR NOT TO KILL Student: Dave Cameron Professor: Robert Ashley Class: CAN271FA Law The Citizen The main record of the death penalty in Canada is that of Peter Cartcel, a mariner who killed Abraham Goodsides, a mariner from another boat, in 1749. Diminish Cartcel was seen as liable of homicide and condemned to death by hanging. The death penalty was first actualized in Canada in 1749 when it was under British principle as a British settlement. We will compose a custom paper test on To Kill or Not to Kill or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Capital punishment was not nullified in Canada until 1976. The last example of Capital discipline was an execution that occurred at Toronto’s Don Jail on December 11, 1962. Arthur Lucas, a man indicted for executing a FBI source and Ronald Turpin, a trivial hoodlum who shot a police officer while escaping an eatery theft, were the last two people to be hung in Canada. Through the span of the two centuries that Capital discipline was being used in Canada, 710 people were executed. Canada ought not re-instate capital punishment for any offenses because of the way that the legitimate framework is as yet not a precise science and numerous guiltless people keep on being illegitimately blamed for violations. There are numerous drawbacks to Capital discipline and reestablishing it would be a terrible mistake on our nation’s part and we would be making a stride in reverse as far as our consideration and humankind. In the event that Canada restores capital punishment, there is a likelihood that numerous people will be executed for wrongdoings they didn't submit. While there are no known instances of unjust executions in Canada, between the long stretches of 1879 and 1960, 438 capital punishments were driven because of newly discovered proof and so forth. Had those 438 capital punishments not been driven, it is conceivable that 438 blameless Canadian residents would have been executed. In spite of the way that there is no proof of illegitimate executions in Canada, there have been numerous instances of people who have been absolved of their violations years after they were executed in different countries. One scandalous instance of unjust execution happened in the United States. Claude Jones, a United States resident, was executed in the year 2000 for killing alcohol storekeeper Allen Hilzendager in 1989. In 2007, a DNA test uncovered that the strand of hair that was utilized by the arraignment to convict Claude Jones was really a strand of hair having a place with the person in question, demonstrating Claude Jones’ honesty. Like Claude Jones’ demonstrated honesty years after his execution, there have been numerous unfair executions in different countries all through the world. In the United Kingdom, Timothy Evans was seen as blameworthy of killing his significant other and girl in 1950. The sequential executioner John Christie in reality submitted the homicides. The police constrained Timothy Evans into a bogus admission. The police additionally didn't do a legitimate pursuit of John Christie’s property and neglected to discover other human remains. Timothy Evans was conceded a regal exculpation in 1966, anyway a blameless life had been unnecessarily taken. The death penalty was annulled in the United Kingdom somewhat as a result of Timothy Evans unjust execution. In the event that Capital discipline didn't exist in these countries, the lives of numerous guiltless people would have been saved. Along these lines, Capital discipline ought not be restored in Canada since it does not merit the likelihood that blameless Canadians will be killed for wrongdoings they didn't submit. In the event that an individual is unjustly charged for a wrongdoing, detained forever and are absolved, they can be discharged and continue their previous life. Be that as it may, an unjust execution can't be fixed or reclaimed, it is lasting. It has been demonstrated since the commencement of current of law, especially since the commencement of English custom-based law, which is the premise of the Canadian legitimate framework in each territory in Canada aside from Quebec, a region where they practice Civil law, that half of observer declaration is bogus. Onlooker declaration is the most persuasive main factor for a Jury during preliminary and 95-100% of violations that convey Capital discipline are trails with a Jury. Hence, there is a high hazard that honest people will be placed in prison and condemned to Capital discipline dependent on a Jury influenced by bogus observer declaration. The death penalty has been utilized by almost all countries all through the world at one point ever. The utilization of Capital discipline as a major aspect of the equity framework started with written history and it has rolled out numerous improvements and advances throughout the centuries that it has been being used. Amazingly, there have been numerous developments towards increasingly others conscious types of execution, particularly all through the only remaining century. Detainees are done being bubbled to death, killed or speared, anyway execution as a type of discipline is still observed as a frightful demonstration by numerous nations, including Canada. The more compassionate types of execution that have been concocted and actualized in present day correctional facilities incorporate the hot seat, the gas chamber and deadly infusion. These types of â€Å"humane† execution are utilized in the United States where Capital discipline is lawful. Numerous social orders with Capital discipline credit to the Biblical Old Testament type of law, the possibility of tit for tat and a tooth for a tooth, where an individual who has hurt another ought to be comparably hurt in reprisal. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you take tit for tat each time somebody is wronged, the entire world will go dazzle. Another weakness to Capital discipline is that one of the motivations behind correctional facilities in present day society is to restore prisoners. Correctional facilities don't just exist to shield society from hoodlums that can hurt the blameless, they likewise have the expectation of restoring prisoners so they can rejoin society as solid, working individuals who can contribute in a significant manner. There are a wide range of sorts of restoration programs built up in Canadian penitentiaries. One significant restoration program gives detainees access to instructive administrations that they didn't get preceding their imprisonment for different financial reasons. These instructive administrations permit prisoners, who are regularly deficient with regards to fundamental training, to get proficient, get their General Education Development certificate, take an interest in professional instruction programs, acquire College recognitions and win University degrees. One of the main sources of wrongdoing is destitution, which is regularly brought about by a pattern of ignorance and an absence of training. Prisoners ought to be allowed to be taught while carrying out their punishment with the goal that they can be restored into society, instead of being executed. At the point when Capital discipline is set up in a country, no cultural advancement can be made. A large number of lives are taken and no change is made, the pattern of wrongdoing proceeds. Another driving reason for wrongdoing is medication and liquor misuse. Numerous people resort to wrongdoing to help their costly medication and liquor propensities and the greater part have not gotten sedate treatment before their detainment. Another significant restoration program in Canadian detainment facilities is the medication treatment program. Studies have indicated that prisoners who are required to take an interest in sedate recovery programs joined with treatment show positive outcomes. The motivation behind correctional facilities is to rebuff lawbreakers, yet to restore them into society. Prisoners should be allowed to get the recovery they need, for example, medication and liquor treatment and training before their lives are removed. The answer for wrongdoing in our general public isn't Capital discipline. It is finding the source and the foundation of the wrongdoing, for example, destitution, absence of training and medication and liquor misuse and taking care of these issues and restoring these people. When prisoners are effectively restored the degree of wrongdoing will significantly decrease and no lives should be taken as Capital discipline. There are various disservices to restoring Capital discipline in Canada, anyway one of the favorable circumstances to Capital discipline is it costs less cash to execute a detainee than to house them forever. In Canada, as opposed to accepting capital punishment for violations, for example, murder, people get 25 years in jail without the chance of parole for the term of those 25 years. It is conceivable that these people will stay in jail for the remainder of their lives. On the off chance that the wrongdoing is especially shocking, the detainee is assigned a risky guilty party. This makes the chance of parole substantially more hard to acquire. Detainees can likewise be assigned long haul wrongdoers. This is less genuine than being assigned a perilous wrongdoer, anyway it is as yet hard to get parole. The assignment of hazardous guilty party and long haul wrongdoer are made after people are sentenced. The detainees just given these assignments once they have gotten a reasonable path. Detainees, for example, long haul wrongdoers and risky guilty parties who stay in prison for at least 25 years cost Canadian citizens and the Government a gigantic measure of cash. One bit of leeway to Capital discipline is it’s monetary advantage to the countries that execute it. The yearly expense of lodging a detainee in Canada can run between $52,000 to $250,000 a year relying upon level of security of the office in which the prisoner is being held. Duplicate that figure by the 25 years a detainee serves when condemned to life in jail as opposed to accepting Capital discipline and the lodging of a prisoner for life in Canada ranges from $1,300,000 to $6,250,000. It is Canadian citizens who pay for the lodging of prisoners through the Government. Nonetheless, the money related advantage of murdering people as opposed to lodging them forever isn't worth conceivably executing the guiltless. There are numerous preferences and hindrances to Capital discipline, anyway it ought not be restored in Cana

Puma free essay sample

I concur that adolescence is the most joyful occasions of ones life. Youngsters can invest their energy for the most part on having a ton of fun, not thinking about what the others ponders them, being extremely cheerful. Youngsters don't generally think about what they look like or what they are doing, they simply do whats a good time for them. Little youngsters don't need to stress over their tests, concentrating constantly to accomplish passing marks. Kids normally get what they need just by asking, in light of the fact that the grown-ups just now and then yield. thers may don't think so however I feel that adolescence is the most joyful occasions of ones life. I imagine that youth is the most joyful time of ones life since youngsters at that age don't generally have a specific duty to hold. They simply needed to have a great time , appreciate , lay and did what fulfills them. They have a totally unique mentality from grown-ups or young people, at the end of the day, their attitude is in every case free and simple. We will compose a custom article test on Jaguar or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A youngsters most noteworthy choice to make at that age would likely be simply which shading colored pencil should the person use. Also, their necessities are very little convoluted. You can satisfy them effectively by giving them desserts or journal as though you have given them an extravagance vehicle. More or less, I considered the youth time as the most essential and most joyful snapshot of life on the grounds that at that age, their desires from life and others are outright basic and would not raise any ruckus to other people.

Innovation Management with MindMeister and OnePoint - Focus

Innovation Management with MindMeister and OnePoint - Focus This is a guest post by Gerald Aquila, CEO of our strategic partner OnePoint 360 ° Enterprise Project Management. Here he discusses the values and benefits of using MindMeister together with OnePoint Project as a complete Innovation Management process. In order to remain competitive, you or your company must consistently be on the lookout for new opportunities. Where are your new ideas coming from? Do you have a process in place to collect, analyze, and realize these ideas? Mind mapping at its core is a graphic representation of thoughts and ideas. Based on the nature of its use and positive output, mind mapping is a method ideally suited for today’s innovation management process. At the front end of the innovation management process strategic goals must be formulated and divided into focus areas. Once focus areas are defined, the entire company can then contribute to the new idea generation process through MindMeister. Every idea can be considered as a potential project, and team members will add their own ideas, generating a number of potential variants of this initial idea. Once ideas have reached a semi-mature point, the team may then start adding “Pros and Cons” to each idea, as well as conduct a SWOT analysis. By adding the collective input and envisioning multiple versions of the same core idea, participants have self-selected the most promising solutions. Through MindMeister’s history view, top-level management is able to see the entire creation process and begin defining feasibility requirements. Together with the innovation management team, preliminary project management plans may then be constructed. It is during this critical phase where an enterprise project management (EPM) solution such as Onepoint Project can bring ideas to life. The preliminary project plan can easily be imported from MindMeister into Onepoint Project and then enhanced with accurate duration and effort data. By using Onepoint’s project management solution, project managers can generate an accurate estimate of project length and cost, as well as generating detailed cost and human resource breakout lists. Top management will have the ability to gain a complete overview of the project through various project size and scope estimates, thus empowering their “Go/No Go” decision. When used together, the MindMeister/Onepoint Project solution can provide for a collaborative innovation management data collection point, right on through to final production. With an Innovation Pipeline based on MindMeister and Onepoint Project in place, your company can be ready to strike when the iron is hot, and take full advantage of your next “Big Thing”. To learn more about Onepoint Project, and what they can do for you please visit them at onepoint-project.com Innovation Management with MindMeister and OnePoint - Focus This is a guest post by Gerald Aquila, CEO of our strategic partner OnePoint 360 ° Enterprise Project Management. Here he discusses the values and benefits of using MindMeister together with OnePoint Project as a complete Innovation Management process. In order to remain competitive, you or your company must consistently be on the lookout for new opportunities. Where are your new ideas coming from? Do you have a process in place to collect, analyze, and realize these ideas? Mind mapping at its core is a graphic representation of thoughts and ideas. Based on the nature of its use and positive output, mind mapping is a method ideally suited for today’s innovation management process. At the front end of the innovation management process strategic goals must be formulated and divided into focus areas. Once focus areas are defined, the entire company can then contribute to the new idea generation process through MindMeister. Every idea can be considered as a potential project, and team members will add their own ideas, generating a number of potential variants of this initial idea. Once ideas have reached a semi-mature point, the team may then start adding “Pros and Cons” to each idea, as well as conduct a SWOT analysis. By adding the collective input and envisioning multiple versions of the same core idea, participants have self-selected the most promising solutions. Through MindMeister’s history view, top-level management is able to see the entire creation process and begin defining feasibility requirements. Together with the innovation management team, preliminary project management plans may then be constructed. It is during this critical phase where an enterprise project management (EPM) solution such as Onepoint Project can bring ideas to life. The preliminary project plan can easily be imported from MindMeister into Onepoint Project and then enhanced with accurate duration and effort data. By using Onepoint’s project management solution, project managers can generate an accurate estimate of project length and cost, as well as generating detailed cost and human resource breakout lists. Top management will have the ability to gain a complete overview of the project through various project size and scope estimates, thus empowering their “Go/No Go” decision. When used together, the MindMeister/Onepoint Project solution can provide for a collaborative innovation management data collection point, right on through to final production. With an Innovation Pipeline based on MindMeister and Onepoint Project in place, your company can be ready to strike when the iron is hot, and take full advantage of your next “Big Thing”. To learn more about Onepoint Project, and what they can do for you please visit them at onepoint-project.com

Susan Glaspell s Trifles - 958 Words

Susan Glaspell’s story â€Å"Trifles† is based on a true story many decades ago when women were treated as second class citizens. This story focuses on two women in the shadows of men who see their sex as superior and in doing so, miss the most important parts of their investigation. Glaspell uses space to show the bond that is slowly created between these two women that allow them to justify not reporting the evidence to the sexist males who essentially drop the ball because of their lack of empathy. From the beginning to the end of the story, Glaspell showed the differences between men and women at that time. How they were viewed, their roles in society, and their roles in this story only strengthen those stereotypes. The timid female characters, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale â€Å"The women have come in slowly and stand close together near the door† (Gaspell 1281), clearly showing a reluctance to enter a widow’s empty home. The men, however, â€Å"go at once to the stove† (Glaspell 1281), and start discussing what happened the previous day. The different movements of the characters show the difference in attitudes between the men, who just walk right into an empty house they now know belongs to a woman. The women on the other hand, hesitate to infringe upon another women’s privacy. The men believe they have a right to enter her home since no man lives there anymore, showing their lack of respect for the widow. Glaspell continues to use a space between the characters throughout the story toShow MoreRelatedTrifles : Susan Glaspell s Trifles940 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a trifle? A trifle is something that has little to no importance (dictionary.com). For instance, the color of your nails would be considered a trifle. In Trifles by Susan Glaspell, women are criticized and made fun of by men because of the little things they worry about, such as the color of their nails or their hair. This exhibits the gender role difference portrayed during the play’s time period. The central conflict is what the plot is centered around. In Trifles, the central conflictRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1732 Words   |  7 PagesSusan Glaspell (1876-1948) was an American-born Pulitzer Prize winning writer of both plays and fiction. Glaspell came from humble beginnings and went on to study at Drake University and the University of Chicago. Much of Glaspell s work dealt with the relationships betw een men and women and the negative effects they have on women. In Glaspell s play Trifles, it is revealed that the operations of patriarchy are just an illusion that men have created to make themselves feel superior to womenRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1577 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminism are published. One of those is ‘Trifles’ by Susan Glaspell as the American feminist movement addressed feminism at that time (Manuel, 57). There are several factors in Trifles representing the disadvantages of absence of feminism and the importance of feminism such as setting and situation. First, the setting, a first factor, implies the importance of feminism. In Trifles, the main setting is an isolated rural farmhouse. From the line 9 in Trifles, Mr.Hale mentioned the husband as a passiveRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 3309 Words   |  14 Pagesit’s all just a different kind of the same thing† (561) is a line spoken in Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles. Writers look at the world around them and envision the way it should be. They take bits and pieces of their life’s landscape, add a liberal dose of surreal ideology and finally toss in human oppressions. To that end, the writer hopes to create a memorable character that can touch the human soul for eternity. Susan Glaspell, a writer in the early twentieth century, lived during a time when womenRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Susan Glaspell Trifles The play, Trifles by Susan Glaspell shows her preoccupation with gender and sex roles as notions of culture. The author is spells out the treatment of women as mere trifles in the society, as less important when compared to men. This calls for the questioning of the role of both men and women in the society with regard to the value and devalue given to perspective and knowledge. The reader should thus realize that women have an important role to play in theRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pagescoming?† (Welty qtd. In Literature ). Trifles is a short play, by Susan Glaspell that was written in the 20th century when women were possession of the husband. The division between men and women in the play not just mentally or emotionally but it was also physically , and that symbolizes the different between genders at this time. Susan Glaspell shows that through her characters in this play. Glaspell uses the characters (Mr. Wright and Mrs. Wright) to prove how men wereRead MoreSusan Glaspell s `` Trifles ``924 Words   |  4 Pagesher hope for children, leaving her baron in her womb and her heart. He was a control maniac and demanded power in every aspect of this poor woman’s life; No Children, No Song, No Friends; she had nothing, which meant nothing to lose. In Susan Glaspell’s drama, â€Å"Trifles†, we explore the gender inequality between men and women of that time and why that has such a large influence on the murder investigation. The women in this novel and of this time period seemed to have hope pre-marriage, Mrs. WrightRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 983 Words   |  4 Pagespreconception someone makes based on gender, race, or religion that in this case is by gender, and affects women based on their expected gender roles. Women endlessly have expectations that go along with being a wife, mother, or simply a female. In Trifles by Susan Glaspell, 1955 by Alice Walker, and Girl by Jamaica Kincaid women are stereotyped by men and told to follow unwritten but expected roles such as being seen and not heard. As well as how they present themselves, their behavior, and tasks they needRead MoreSusan Glaspell s The Play Trifles1410 Words   |  6 Pages The play Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a very powerful play that conveys a strong meaning to the audience. The meaning that Susan Glaspell conveys through this play is the importance of women to stick together and rise up against the suppression of their gender. This message can be felt strongly while reading this play. Susan Glaspell does an outstanding job incorporating this message into an interesting, captivating plot. This play was written around the time where woman’s social equality wasRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Play Trifles870 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Susan Glaspell s play Trifles, gender plays a huge roll in everyday life. Trifles is an exemplary example of the war between male and female. It creates a scene where women are less deserving than the men. Women are used as stepping stones or told to remain dedicated to the male power. Females are the lesser creatures compared to the men who have the power. The play paints a scene where women are in compliance to this unwritten code of conduct expected for them. Towards the end of the play

Psy 230 Fall 2016 Paper Assignment Essay - 1064 Words

Charlie Student. PSY 230 – Fall 2016–PAPER ASSIGNMENT, REVIEW OF ARTICLE #1 Article. Ryan, Caitlin Ryan; Russell, Stephen, T.; Huebner, David; Diaz, Rafael; Sanchez, Jorge, 2010, Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT young Adults, Journal of Child and Adolescence Psychiatric Nursing, Volume 23, pp. 205-213 Research Question. In this article, the key research questions and hypothesis proposed are: 1) does the family acceptance and supportive behavior predicts show a difference in †¦self-esteem, social support, general health status, depression, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, and behaviors (cite?) and can be influential to the health and mental health of LGBT adolescents and young adults? 2) Can the relationship between family and their children s LGBT identity as they go into adulthood effect their health and mental health status? The hypothesis states that being accepted of LGBT adolescents can be connected to a decreased in mental and behavior health s then increasing the chance of having positive influences in the phases of their adulthood. Sample. The LGBT young adults and adolescents were the two populations that were selected in this participatory research. They selected participants who matched their study based on age (21-25), self-identification to ethnicity to LGBT and having a minima l of one parent during the adolescence LGBT life experience. The LGBT young adults that were enlisted was taken sampled of 245 Latino andShow MoreRelatedPrenatal Alcohol Exposure And Childhood Behavior At Age 6822 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Avalos. PSY 230 – Fall 2016–PAPER ASSIGNMENT, REVIEW OF ARTICLE #1 Article. Sood, B. Delaney-Black, V. (2001). Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose- Response Effect. Research Question. The main research question proposed in this study: 1) does alcohol affect children prenatally. The hypothesis that researchers draw is if there are adverse effects of children who were exposed to a low dosage of alcohol at the age of 6 to 7 years of age. ThisRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesCommittees on Education and Labor, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Rules, Natural Resources, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To provide affordable, quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-

Military Technology And Its Impact Today - 2410 Words

Connor Aitken English 8 CP 2/23/15 Burke Military Technology and Its Impact Today The True Impact of Technology Bill was in the hills of Afghanistan, approaching an enemy compound that held a high value target. This target was a rebel leader attempting to spread radical Sunni beliefs on the infidels. As a definite threat to his region and a potential threat to America he had to be taken out. This could be accomplished by Bill s squadron. If Bill s team of four have to enter the compound and eliminate the target how many of them would make it out alive? Were there unforeseen dangers that they would not be able to overcome? Did they have to enter and eliminate the target themselves? Fortunately due to military drones, they did not. Bill radioed command and had an unmanned Reaper drone strike the compound. This drone strike removes the possibility of friendly casualties. To put the power and effectiveness of drones in perspective, Bill s presence was not necessary and this could have occurred with one surveillance and one Reaper drone. Unmanned aircrafts allocation for defence to be carried out from a distance is a pinnacle of American security. The military’s correlation with technology is linear because it opens the possible doorways of advancement. Military Technology Isn t Only For The Military From drones to microwaves, useful technology has all originated o the military. The fact that microwaves and gps, two extremely widely used civilian technologies originatedShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War On The Past And Present Military Technology1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War’s Effect and Impact on the Past and Present Military Technology The high level military protection Americans may take for granted today was a result of a war that never took place. The Cold War was an era that lasted over four decades from 1947-1991 in which America and Russia raced to outdo each other in upholding their beliefs of government, that is capitalism vs communism. Surprisingly, however, a far greater impact was seen on the technological bmm advancements in America. ThisRead MoreThe Classic Works Of Strategy1354 Words   |  6 PagesTsu to Jomini Rousseau (2011) defines strategy as a link connecting military power and political purpose. He emphasizes that strategy entails the use of threat and force to achieve policy objectives. Given the unfortunate centrality of war to world events, strategy becomes a significant aspect in providing a theory of success. The perennial popularity of books on military and application of works of wisdom in the use of force today is unequivocal. Particularly, books that generally focus of the theoryRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Technology1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe technology has presented an enormous deviation in this world, and alike somewhat deviation, it has not been easy to become accustomed to the variations presented. In this report, it is possible to highlight that this technology consumes some time for some people to take its ideas. The main motive why this technology hasn’t been well expected is for the reason that its ethical issues that has been presented by the tec hnological. In respect to how the technology has been received, it is seriousRead MoreShould Drones Shape Future Of Warfare?898 Words   |  4 PagesShould Drones Shape Future of Warfare? Over seventy countries in today s society have access to drone technology and there are many others still trying to acquire it. These drones have become present in many settings such as farming, service and warfare. In terms of warfare, there are two main types of drones that have been established: UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) and RPASs (remotely piloted aerial systems). This technology is arising in warfare situations and there is much controversy overRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Way War1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthis, the most drastic change is in the technology. Things are now becoming more computerized every day and it is very noticeable. Nowadays, everywhere you look no matter where at, a person with a smartphone, tablet, or computer will be seen no matter where the location. Technology is making us lazy and is taking jobs away from many people, but at the same time it is improving many things and making them faster and more efficient then a human could. Technolo gy is not only taking over the daily livesRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pageswell-known of these competitions was the Space Race. Battling for cosmic supremacy from the late 1950’s to 1969, the two countries traded many victories over the years and pushed each other to their technological apexes. Today, these two countries are still at the forefront of military technological advancements, and are widely considered the two most powerful countries on Earth (Bender, 2014). However, currently, the U.S. is considered the lone world superpower (Bremmer, 2015). While the United StatesRead MoreThe War Of The French Revolution1676 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits of the military history lessons to abstract the aspects of war, which enhance our leadership and capabilities to take the right decision. Therefore, I am going to start with war definition. â€Å"War is an act of force to compel our enemy to do our Will†. During the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a series of conflicts dominated Europe. These conflicts had its influence on the Europe at that time, but the Napoleonic wars had the most lasting impact on western warfareRead MoreMilitary Technologys Impact on the Environment Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesevolution of military technology through the more efficient and innovative utilization of natural resources has helped shape the environment in a wide range of areas. Homo sapiens lacking strong jaws, sharp teeth, and cutting claws have employed tools to better conquer the natural environment and vie with each other for scarce resources. These scarce resources such as wood and a myriad of metals have been harnessed to advance military technology. In doing so, military technology’s impact on the environmentRead MoreStrategic Direction On The United States1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdirection has prompted a shift of military resources to the Asia-Pacific. Globalization, cyber-attacks and advances in technology will further challenge the Joint Forces in the next ten years. It is imperative that the U.S. Joint Forces be adequately funded in order to identify and develop critical technology, establish policies and maintain adequate force structure to rebalance the Joint Force in 2025. Diminishing resources and lack of predictability within the military budget process will introduceRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Technology On Us And Our Society Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Modern Technology on us and our society. Today it is hard to imagine what our lives would look like without the technology that surrounds us, it is even harder to imagine what our lives would be with the technological advancements that begun to take shape during the industrial revolution that, begun in England during the 18th century. The industrial revolution brought on many changes into humans everyday lives, allowing us as mankind to increasingly become smarter, faster and

Importance of Employee Engagement

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction Employee engagement refers to the relationship of an employee and his or her work(Albert, John, Jean, Carolyn , 2006). It is all about how to reach organization objectives by creating favorable human resource conditions for every staff member including management and the executive, to switch on in their work to put effort in better performance in favor of best interest for the organization. The idea behind this theory is to make workers develop attitude of responsibility to care for the business as if they were the real owners of the company they work for(Richard Daft, 2008). It means that one is fully involved in the job and interested in it so that it attracts the attention of an individual inspiring him or her to do her level best. Apply Employee Engagement Theory to Identify and Discuss the Motivational Elements The old organizational environment of XYZ Company under the leadership of Fionas father was very conducive for all workers. From the case studied in the textbook it is clear that there was full employee satisfaction and the engagement of consultant to the training was at its peak. Tim Redkin, Fionas dad had introduced several motivational elements In XYZ company that gave his employees the morale to carry on and be fully engaged in the job. These elements include free upward communication, lack to use structured policies and procedures, recreational activities, performance appraisal and fair treatment to all employees. During Tims leadership communication between him, Fiona and all workers had no limitations. His office, Fionas and the workplace were located in the same floor enhancing free interaction between leadership and sub-ordinates. Tims office was open to everybody and all suggestion/opinions were welcome to his office. Under the leadership of Fiona, the management offices were relocated to the ground and the juniors did not talk to her one on one. Relationship between workers and leadership were narrowed. Lack of using structured policies and procedures in the organization brought various advantages. Tim felt that organizational structures would hamper his decision making power. He therefore made his decisions according to his personal relationship with members of staff. These increased staff satisfaction and comfort in the work place. They worked with commitment hence tremendous customer satisfaction leading to high yields of the company. Fiona introduced departments and written policies under her new leadership. The heads of departments worked to please Fiona but not to achieve set goals of XYZ. Most of the policies were cruel to the employees as some were even inapplicable to most of them. It ruined the cooperation and commitment of the training consultants as some felt superior and hence require better treatment than their juniors require. There were recreational activities such as yoga sessions, which improved the wellbeing of workers. Such activities are important because they give an employee the opportunity to think about something more refreshing than thinking about work all the time. It avoids boredom and stress in the workplace(Albert, John, Jean, Carolyn , 2006). This also helps bring employees together encouraging close relations and teamwork. In the new working environment, Tims daughter scrapped these sessions as she viewed them as waste of time. Some employees also did not get time for yoga due to over workloads. Originally, Fiona and her father appraised people. Well performing employees got incentives such as performance bonuses, additional holiday leave and above average merit increases. Incentives were removed in the leadership of Fiona. In every working environment, incentives are very important motivational tools. It increase the performance and commitment of workers to their jobs. People are no longer equally treated, as it was the case during leadership of Mr. Tim. Emerging of superiors and juniors in the company attracted inequality hence unfair treatment to the juniors. That is why within a short period 50% has quit the company. The Training Consultants Behaviors Using Urganisational Justice and Equity Theory of Motivation Organizational justice refers to employees awareness of their organizations actions, habits and decisions and how they influence on the job attitudes and behaviors. On the other hand, equity theory of motivation is driven by the idea that fairness is the key motivation to individuals(Albert, John, Jean, Carolyn , 2006). Under new management of Miss Fiona, training consultants develop different perception on their working environment as there are many negative changes affecting their behavior. The harmony of workers developed by Tim for years is crumbling down due to poor management and inequality in XYZ Company. Employees behavior in XYZ has changed all over sudden since some have become equal. Overworked consultants started being angry and calling in sick. They spent less time preparing training packages that suited clients needs and used older training packages. This behavior could be avoided if Fiona and her H.O.Ds had taken performance appraisal seriously. Since superiors do not do the technical work, their intended workload is transferred to juniors (DuBrin, 2013). In such situations employees ask themselves this question; with regard to my input in this organization, do I get similar rewards as those who are offering the same in as I do(Greenberg, 2002)? When inequities becomes more employee will do the following: Become resistant Try to develop ways to reduce the input of others Become less active to reduce their inputs Quit the job Ask for more from the company Involve in other projects other the job(Richard Daft, 2008) This is simply what is happening in XYZ leaving Fiona in a dilemma not knowing what to say to his father who had dedicated his life in building the company. Equity theory shows that how employees view the issue of equity matters a lot (Robbins and Judge, 2012). Ignore to this kills employees morale and this might harm the organizations bottom line. Employees are very concerned by the daily decisions made by employers (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015). They judge these decisions as fair or unfair. These judgment influences personal behaviors, which lead to workplace deviance if the decisions deemed unfair (Koontz, 2010). Organizational justice is closely related to fairness/equity. It is impossible for one to work without the other. Leadership of an organizational should keep close watch and act accordingly. Personal and Interpersonal Skills and Knowledge to Manageoneself and organizational Context Personal skills can be described as abilities possessed by an individual in tackling specific tasks. Skills such as communicating and interacting with others can be referred to as interpersonal. They are important in places work for carrying out duties. Personal skills if well applied can help improve the productivity of an organization. It calls for dedication and application of human expertise to achieve strategic goals (Miner, 2015). On the other hand, interpersonal skills are vital tools since a single individual cannot handle matters of the entire company. Interaction and team building must be enforced in XYZ to rebuild it back. Personal skills can be described as abilities possessed by an individual in tackling specific tasks. Skills such as communicating and interacting with others can be referred to as interpersonal. They are important in places work for carrying out duties. Personal skills if well applied can help improve the productivity of an organization. It calls for dedication and application of human expertise to achieve strategic goals (Miner, 2015). On the other hand, interpersonal skills are vital tools since a single individual cannot handle matters of the entire company. Interaction and team building must be enforced in XYZ to rebuild it back. Organisational Problems and Application of OB Theories to Resolving them Main organizational problems in XYZ are use of wrong organization structure, non-effective communication and lack to apply teamwork. Organizational behavior is the study on how people interact within groups (Nicklin and Spector, 2016). These is used to create effective business and working environment. This has proven scientific management of employees. OB can be applied to solve problems concerning this case there are a few recommendations Fiona to take from. Keeping in mind that change is inevitable it is okay for Fiona to introduce change. Introduced change should be for better future of XYZ. Organizational structure is critical to an organizational as every employee is placed in the right department according to their expertise(Greenberg, 2002). Departments were introduced to relieve Fiona his mandate in the company. She should take charge in supervising the head of departments making sure that they are fairly treating the juniors allocating them manageable tasks. Improving communication methods in the organizations. There should be free and fearless communication both upward and downwards. This facilitates fare and quality decision-making(McKenna, 2000). Views of the training consults should be on the consideration table since they are the ones dealing one on one with the clients. Use of incentives gives workers the motivation they require to do and handle their tasks effectively. References Albert J. Mills, J. B. J. C. H. M. C. F., 2006. Organizational Behaviour in a Global Context. toronto: University of Toronto Press. DuBrin, A.J., 2013. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Greenberg, J., 2002. Advances in Organizational Justice. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Koontz, H., 2010. Essentials of Management. Ney Work: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. McKenna, E. F., 2000. Business Psychology and Organisational Behaviour: A Student's Handbook. illustrated ed. Hove: Psychology Press. McShane, S.L. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2015. Organizational Behavior 7/e. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nicklin, J.M. and Spector, P.E., 2016. Point/Counterpoint introduction: The future of theory in organizational behavior research. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Richard Daft, D. M., 2008. Understanding Management. 6, illustrated ed. Boston: Cengage Learning,. Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2012. Essentials of organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson. isational problems and application of OB theories to resolving them

What Its Like Being a Finance Student Essay Sample free essay sample

Bing a Finance pupil is like a journey you can go you don’t cognize where you could convey. it’s like a route that sometimes can be unsmooth or slippy nevertheless every challenge I took is a lesson learned for me. In my three old ages of being finance pupil is possibly a challenging yet demanding twelvemonth in my life by so I learned a batch of things that brought me to be a better life shortly in the concern universe. Every route has its ain bounds and it’s called finish line. now I am eventually in my last trip traveling to success that likely a toughest portion in my journey being a pupil. Possibly. clip passes really rapidly though there’s an case that really bears in my head every lesson I learned from this university. Sometimes I ask myself what I could lend in my subdivision being a out of use subdivision. We will write a custom essay sample on What Its Like Being a Finance Student? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We shared of friendly relationship and battles in four old ages in malice of this we still acquiring closer and stronger. However. when I reach this far I wonder why things are really meaningful when you exerted attempt for it. They say â€Å"if You Crave for something does a Strive† . As BBF 1-3. 2-3. 3-3. 4-3. I learned how interaction with person is meantso much. how others care for you even in the times of down.When we reach our last chapter here in 2nd floor west flying. we molded by doggedness and squad work to get the better of those undertaking assigned by our distinguish professor s particularly Mrs. Aranza.Our Outreach plan which held at Marikina Catholic School is something I could state a really productive undertaking for our subdivision.By now. the Department required a seminar for every 4th twelvemonth pupils. and our subdivision selected a subject which is FOREX 101 therefore it is a exciting yet a hard portion in our subdivision to carry on a seminar for every pupils peculiarly the readying we had made to do it more successful and a hallmark for every 3rd twelvemonth and 4th twelvemonth pupils. I believe that my journey will non stop by the lesson I learned in PUP but the experient I acquired in different people I talk to. Business universe we will run into shortly. â€Å"Commit to the Godhead whatever you do and your programs will Succeed†- Proverbs 16:3 PIRA CAMPUS TOUR 2012Speaker: Mr. Michael Rellosa. Mr. Dick Cabusao etc.Date: September 6. 2012 PIRA is the institutional leader of a strong. unified. influential and cohesive non-life insurance industry in the Philippines that ensures the industry’s long-run growing and sustainability.

Down East Spud Busters Essays

Down East Spud Busters Essays Down East Spud Busters Essay Down East Spud Busters Essay With the completion of phase one, Spud Busters anticipates sales revenue to triple from the existing yield of potatoes. Phase two of Down Easts plan calls for a connation sales and dilutions program to be established for the company. The third and final phase of spud Busters strategic plan anticipates bulging a second manufacturing facility in five years in Idaho. In this part of the plan, the company would also oversee an increase In crop planting and yield in both territories. But perhaps the most grandiose strategic idea that this company has is to expand Its market territories Into Europe and the Pacific Rim. This Is set to come about during the final phase of the plan. These business Ideas are not too bad for just plain ole tater growers to have, wouldnt you say? Bringing this proposed strategic plan to fruition would certainly provide Down East Spud Busters with achievement of its goal for future growth in the industry. Chapter Topics Related to the Case: Diddles ten concept AT organizing Discuss how the concept of integration may impact upon a company like Spud Busters Identify how managerial issues such as span of control and authority may affect a company like Spud Busters Describe and discuss the concept of delegation Identify how the concept of delegation may effect individuals such as the sales associates of Spud Busters Case Discussion Questions: Select from the chapter text options and prepare an organizational chart for the national distribution program that this company is about to embark upon. Be sure to incorporate the companys goals into your overall structure. Suggested Response: Various organizational charts are to be expected in the individual student response to this question. However, acceptable responses must incorporate the following guidelines and information: (1) the boxes represent the different work, (2) he titles in the boxes show the work performed by each unit, (3) reporting and authority relationships are indicated by solid lines showing superior-subordinate connections, and (4) levels of management are indicated by the number of horizontal layers in he chart. 2. Given the vast geographical expanse and logistical challenges of this new program, what recommendations do you have for the company regarding HER policies and procedures? While a variety of HER suggestions are to be expected, the following information will serve to represent some of what may be anticipated. 1) Develop clear company guidelines as to performance standards, (2) Establish a guiding code of ethics, (3) Have guidelines for diversity training and awareness, (4) Develop understandable Job descriptions, and (5) Establish guidelines that identify set rewards and punishment standards. . What other types of industries could use the model from this case as a means to expand sales nationally or internationally? Students may identify any one of a myriad of other industries. However each response should be supported with factual reasoning. A suggested response ay be Washington state apple growers. These growers could expand their business into apple butter, apple pies (frozen and re ady-to-bake), and apple drinks such as cheer. I Nils type AT Dustless could utilize a plan salary to ten one propos case to expand in the overall industry. Additional Discussion Questions: 1 . Down East Spud Busters has a future plan for utilizing sales associates that work out of their own homes. Each of these associates will have specific assigned territories and a broad range of functions to accomplish in the performance of their Job duties. Differentiate between responsibility, authority, and accountability. Rank these three terms in the order you perceive the future Spud Busters associates as having, going from the highest to the lowest. Responsibility refers to the assignment of a task that an employee is supposed to carry out. Authority refers to the legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do. Accountability refers to the expectation that employees will perform a Job, take corrective action when necessary, and report upward on the status and quality of their performance. One suggested response to this question segment is to rank the terms in the following order: responsibility, accountability, and authority. Students may present different ranked orders based on their own ideas and understanding. 2. Spud Busters plan for having its future associates based out of their own, individual territories poses perplexing issues of effective coordination for the company. Discuss the concept of coordination by plan. Do you see this as being effective for this company? Why or why not? Coordination by plan refers to having interdependent units that are squired to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to the common organizational goal. It does not require the same high degree of stability and routines required by coordination by standardization. The interdependent units are free to modify and adapt their actions as long as they meet deadlines and targets required Coordination by plan may indeed prove effective for this type of organization. The individual associates will have freedom to operate as they see fit while still having a guiding structure and set performance standards to follow.

Domino's Pizza Services Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Domino's Pizza Services Marketing - Essay Example Showcasing was first created from the products, which clarifies the watched delay in its application in the service segment in both Europe and the United States (He, Zha & Li, 2013). In the wake of showing the fundamental elements connected to showcasing services, a few areas will be produced: nearby services, budgetary services, services identified with transport and tourism. Services showcasing are advertising in view of connections and qualities. It can be utilized to advertise a product or service. Advertising services organization database is not quite the same as product showcasing the business. There are a few essential contrasts, including 1. The purchaser gains an unclear resource 2. Upkeep can be founded on the notoriety of one individual 3. It is harder to look at the nature of comparative services 4. The purchaser can't give back the service When you offer a service organization, we should remember that notoriety, value, conveyance and checking are critical to business achievement (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). "Dealing with the proof" alludes to the demonstration of educating customers that the service had been effectively met already. This is best done in inconspicuous ways, such as giving cases or depictions of good and poor service that can be utilized as a source of perspective. The principle reason is that the customer can't assess the aggregate cost of the service on the off chance that it is a decent benchmark for examination.

Capital Punishment in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Punishment in America - Research Paper Example Deterrence is regarded as a means of discouraging individuals from engagement in criminal activities. This involves illustrating to offenders that harsh consequences would result for their criminal actions. Such consequences include one being imprisoned. As such, deterrence illustrates that punishment should be provided as a consequence of crime. Since human beings are rational, contemplation of the severity and consequences of punishment would deter people from temptations of engaging in criminal activities. This validates the use of deterrence as the means of punishment for criminal activities in society. On the other hand, retribution indicates an action of repairing or repaying something as price of criminal activities of an individual. Such a punishment makes an individual develop individual responsibility towards social structures and â€Å"keep off† criminal activities. As such, the most effective means of deterring crime is retribution. This is because an individual is subject to payment of the criminal acts. This acts as an effective means of making an individual not to engage in criminal activities. This type of punishment is more significant in cases where the individual commits a crime for the first time than in cases of subsequent crimes. The American society believes in punishment as a consequence of criminal activities. This depicts that people are aware of what kind of punishment they may receive in case they engage in criminal activities. Moreover, retribution provides a means of punishment, which depends on the degree of the crime committed by an individual. Therefore, the punishment administered to the criminal is equivalent to the crime committed and the criminal does not receive excessive or less punishment in comparison to the magnitude of the crime committed. However, in situations where an individual is engaged in multiple crimes and retribution does not prove effective. Such an individual should be subjected to rehabilitation for m of punishment. This is because this form of punishment allows effective cross-examination of the psychological needs and reactions of an individual, which could be the factors, which makes such an individual to engage in criminal activities. After such a cross-examination, an individual is guided under a controlled environment, which allows consistent monitoring of behavior of an individual. This leads to a change in the conduct of an individual in society. Furthermore, rehabilitation provides an opportunity of offering moral education to an individual who is engaged in criminal activities. This may also include provision of vocation training, which equips an individual with skills, which would keep such an individual from engagement in criminal activities, in society. Deterrence is not an effective means of punishment since it leads to the development of fear among individuals, which impacts the decision-making process of individuals in society (Lund, 2002). As such, using deterr ence as a form of punishment would create an American society, which is composed of an element of fear.

The research method

The research method Abstract This article is a summary of the research method, Systematic Review. There are four facet s, a short introduction of the systematic review, including the features, the steps of the methodology, the discussion of some steps , and the conclusion from the above investigation and some vista for the systematic review. Introduction There are several kinds of research methods, and each of them has their own features and function to use to fit their research design. For instance, Pavlovs dog, a classic behavioral experiment, scientist design a situation in the laboratory and try hard to control the varieties to find the answer of the hypothesis. However, in some conditions, experimental design ways may not so appropriate in using to the program, for example, if the research is aimed to collation the finds of others study outcomes, tried to find an answer that is adaptive to every arguments, then systematic review method will be a good choice to select. Systematic review method, which aims to combine, compares, or did a synthesis to the research outcomes. There are two reasons to use the method, one is that the limitation of traditional review, and the other is the added power brought by the synthesis of multiple studies. Its different from the review, which is try to combine two or more researches in a given topic, as it comes to systematic review, its more specific, detailing, structural under the topic. Otherwise, meta-analysis method is also used in systematic review study sometimes, but its just a part of the method, or a kind of skills, they are not the same affair, compared to meta-analysis, systematic review content qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Instead, meta-analysis research is a specific statistical strategy to assess the review outcomes. Its useful that systematic reviews has some advantages and surmount some restriction in some way, just like, there are some limitations in traditional review, for instance, the narrative reviews may just describe the literatures but not so strategy and structural, SR can improve the power of the question through the evidences from the studies, and it can summaries the available information in a more structural way. Method According to the Handoll and Smiths collection of the systematic review, they point out the process which is general guideline to analysis this research method, title, protocol, sources, search strategy, scope and filtering the literature, collecting and extracting the data, assessing the quality of studies, meta-analysis, presentation, discussing the review findings, and drawing the conclusion. First, the title, its necessary that a specific and clear definition of topic or question to process systematic review. Clear definition can not only help researchers ensure the worth of the question, but also avoid the duplication and checking the realistic and achievable, If the propose is specific and explicit, the strategy of the source researching work might be easier than unclear theme. Then, protocol. To let the final outcome achieve the researchers goal in the systematic review method of the research, protocol play an important role in select the literature or references, that is, depending on the researchers need on their studies, to include or exclude what they need or whats the most important to the research, and in the protocol, experiment methods also is a great point in the literature selected, for instance, now the topic is depression and commit suicide, whats the main factor associate these two items?, that is, the methodology in this topic might be trying to find out the references that include the correlative statistic skills or so on to discover the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior. Source, identifying sources will be the next step after formulate the protocol. The main purpose of the systematic review is to help to make a clinical decision base on the evidence resources, so when the researchers consider about the database of the references, maybe some medical databases, like MEDLINE and CINAHL(medical, health, and nursing databases), Cancerlit(subject databases), and Cochrane Library(databases of reviews), and so on. The above-mentioned databases might be helpful when researchers required. There are other ways to search the data pools, through keywords, like the author name whose research theme is fitting of the researchers, or some relative institutions that their job is appropriate to the topic, like if the topic is about the wellbeing of normal life to the women with breast cancer, researcher might can find the refere nce in the local hospital databases or find it from the breast cancer center. Next, search strategy, as there talked before, search strategy rely on a specific topic. When the clear propose shows out, researchers can distinct about what should be included or what should be excluded. Scope and filtering the literature, as researchers define an explicit question, the work of literature selecting become easier. To ensure the domination of the reviews is corrected; reviewers have to define more detail about the topic, like the demography, language, specific intervention and so on. Collecting and extracting the data, followed the question the researchers have, collecting relate articles and thinking about the title, methods of the articles, extracting these items directly. Cochrane Collaboration will be useful when researchers collecting and extracting the data. Next, assessing the quality of studies, after collecting the data, the steps follow it is that reading. To focus on emphasis on the part of the studies that researchers think its suitable for the topic, rea ding the studies play an important role. The articles are chose for increasing the validity of the study conclusion and these resources must relate tightly to the question. However, a checklist must be helpful in assessing the studies, to prevent the situation that some important information missed or ignored. Meta-analysis, to integrate all the data, researchers needs the statistical strategy to comprehensive the literature. As the suggestion from Mulrow, statistical analysis is to increase the power and precision of estimates of treatment effect and exposure risk. There are two points of meta-analysis method has to remember, one is noted if the result of the studies expressed the effect measure, the other is that if the literatures relevant each other to make a meaningful estimate. Presentation the result from meta-analysis processing or the reviews should include some points, like, followed the review questions, the conclusions base on the evidence, and the quality of the evidence. Either the result from meta-analysis, presentation also including reviewed evidence in computer-searchable format. Some figures or comparative tables also can make good help in presenting the outcomes of the studies. Figures or tables will let the reviews clear and structural in the systematic review. Here comes to the final facet of the systematic review, discussing the review findings and drawing conclusion, researchers in the final part have to express their comments and summary of their finding in the whole program, and the limitation of the study or whats the vista of the future research. Discussion The main important question should follow the P.I.C.O. rule, which is, P means population, the question should include the particular participants, it cannot be general. I represents intervention, there must be an independent variable to operate the study, followed the intervention to search the resources. C is the comparison, just like experiment, which also have control group and main concerned group. O means outcome, the title should include the expect from the researchers like the hypothesis, for example, researchers may suppose a situation that after intervention what will happen, like increase some behaviors or decrease the blood pressure after specific coping skill. There is a journal that use the systematic review method, the title is Clinical and cost-effectiveness of new and emerging technologies for localized prostate cancer: a systematic review., the population of this study is the patient with prostate cancer, the intervention is that the new and emerging technologies, t he compare group is the normal people or the patient with the prostate cancer still treated in traditional way, and the outcome is directed by the clinical and cost-effectiveness(S. Hummel, S. Paisley, at al. 2003). When it comes to select the literature that good to the reviewers, the Jadad Scale may be a better way to help researchers in selecting the literatures. There are three questions content in this scoring system, Was the study randomized/appropriate?, Was the study double blind/ appropriate?, Description of attrition rates?, all of the three questions are 5 points scale, the level of the scoring higher the best of the choice, it represent that the literature has the value to use in the study. There is another point of the research have to concern, that is, if the evidences are homogeneity or heterogeneity, homogeneity evidences are going to increase the power of the main question, but the heterogeneity studies will make some problems to the research purpose. There are some useful tools for completing a systematic review, one is the PRISMA, which whole name is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, the PRISMA statement consist of a check list to let the researchers arrive the purpose of their study. The Cochrane Collaboration, the aim of the institution is for the medical evidences based and improving the health care system, and for researchers who want to do systematic reviews. There are introduction of the systematic review and the process of the method, researchers also can consist a group from the institution to do a same topic for collecting the data. Conclusions Systematic review method, as known as overview, is different from traditional review and meta-analysis method. Systematic review is more rigorous and structural to synthesis the studies than narrative review, and compared to meta-analysis, this method includes both qualitative and quantities research styles, but meta-analysis is more concern about the statistical methodological way to combine the data or the studies, in the other hand, meta-analysis research can be isolated but also see it as a part of the systematic review, especially when the research is needed to use the quantities way to proceed the study. Compared to other experimental design, Systematic review method has its own predominance, for example, if it is a long-term plan, like the study of the expression variation of disease from the primary stage to the end with Alzheimers patient, it may take a long time and cost lots of money to do the research, however, if use the systematic review to do the research, there may not so much disburse. Following the program of doing the systematic review, researchers can find that this method can not only produce a structural protocol, but also include all the information that reviewers required. The most important point of the systematic review is the question from the reviewer, as previously mentioned, the P.I.C.O. rule is followed by the researchers to start a research in this method, and as the article release, a specific and distinction question will play an important role in the whole study, because it will effect the direction of the purpose, and the aspect of the literature collecting. As previously presented, there are some institutions for helping researchers doing the systematic review, like the Cochrane Collaboration, based on the purpose of improving the health care system or medical state, providing the resource to the researchers to study, which has evolved to help prepare, maintain, and disseminate the use in systematic review with health relate research. The Campbell Collaboration is also the institution for assisting reviewers in systematic review, the purpose of them is similar with the Cochrane Collaboration, also based on the evidence to clarify what helps or harms. The other similar institution is Joanna Briggs institute, and its also a place for supporting and promoting researchers in systematic review. They are working in the dominant of nursing, medical and allied health researchers, clinicians, academics and quality management. According to the article from Cook at al. in 1997, the future of the method may be improve the researchs quality and the value, presentation formats will more user-friendly for the providers and patients. Make the connection more strongly between systematic reviews outcome and the clinical decisions. Reference Berkeley Systematic Reviews Group. Restricted from http://www.medepi.net/meta/ PRISMA, TRANSPARENT REPORTING of SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS and META-ANALYSES. Restricted from http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm THE CAMPBELL COLLABORATION. Restricted from http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/systematic_reviews/index.php The Cochrane Collaboration. Restricted from http://www.cochrane.org/index.htm Critical Review Advisory Group. Introduction to Systematic Reviews. School for Health And Related Research(ScHARR). 1996. Deborah J. Cook, Cynthia D. Mulrow, R. Brian Haynes. Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence FOR clinical Decisions. Annals of Internal Medicine. 126(5), 376-380(1997). H.H.G. Handoll, A.F. Smith. How to perform a systematic review. Current Anaesthesia Critical Care. 15, 227-234(2004). S. Hummel, S. Paisley, A. Morgan at al.. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of new and emerging technologies for early localized prostate cancer: a systematic review, Health Technology Assessment, 7(33)(2003). S. Green. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Singapore Med J. 46(6), 270-274(2005).

The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers fc

The Human Genome Project The human genome project is a worldwide research effort with the goal of analyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of the estimated 100,000 human genes. The DNA of a set of model organisms is studied to provide the information necessary for understanding the functioning of the human genome. The information gathered by the human genome project is expected to be the source book for biomedical science in the 2lst Century and is of great value to the field of medicine. The scientific products of the human genome project will include a resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence information that will provide detailed information about the structure, organization, and characteristics of human DNA, information that constitutes the basic set of inherited â€Å"instructions† for the development and functioning of a human being. There are many benefits that can be gained from the human genome project; however, the project brings about much controversy in areas of e mployment, insurance, and social issues. Is genetic engineering a leap into the future or a leap toward destruction?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issues surrounding this project need to be scrutinized not only by the scientists working on the project, but also by lawmakers and the public in general. One of the major facts that people need to understand is the appearance of a gene does not predict the way a trait will be expressed physically. Looking into the future, lots of situations can arise from the availability of genetic testing. Some people may want to know if they are carriers of certain genes in order to make informed decisions about such personal matters as lifestyle, marriage, and childbearing. On the other hand, some may prefer to live their lives without knowing. Having such specific knowledge about our health, there is going to be many people who want to use the testing for the benefit of their companies and even society. A new understanding of parts of the human genome may result in discrimination based on a person’s genetic predisposition. Also, insurance companies may require people to submit to a genetic test before they could be covered. If the person applying is found to be unfit, it could go on his or her insurance â€Å"medical report†, such as a â€Å"credit report†, which would blacklist that person from ever getting coverage. Never mind the fact that genetic screening opens up the possibility of identifying a class of people that may become regarded as socially undesirable.

Abstract Views on Military Retention

The words â€Å"material† and â€Å"personnel† are abstractions, but the weapons systems and the devoted human beings organized to make and use them are real. Reducing the size of the military also means ending jobs and forcing career changes on many people who deserve better from their nation. However, it has become apparent that many of today's military members separate voluntarily. This research project seeks to inform the debate on military retention by examining the evidence for separations from military service into civilian community. The objective is to identify what factors have the most weight in separation decisions, as well as the factors that have the most weight for those deciding not to separate from the service. Over the past year, members of the armed services have been separating at an alarming rate. In an effort to combat the mass exodus of people from the uniformed ranks, the government has turned to the use of re-enlistment and extension bonuses, increased pay, and numerous other incentives, but has had little success. A common response from people leaving the armed forces is that the decision to leave has nothing to do with money, but rather other â€Å"quality of life† issues. What then are some of the major factors influencing people†s decisions to leave? For those who have decided to stay, is it because of the incentives recently offered, or would they have stayed anyway? There are several different factors involving the economy that may possibly have an effect for the status of the military population. The job shortfall in the lagging U. S. economy is now some 8 to 10 million; cuts in the military services will contribute an additional half million job seekers a year by the year 2000, substantially increasing the need for job creation. Has the military encouraged career-minded personnel in overstaffed job specialties to leave voluntarily (thus minimizing the lump-sum severance payment or a long-term annuity)? Are the programs as generous as the pay and benefits that military personnel are eligible for if they retire after 20 years of service? Because the Pentagon has announced that no one with 15 years or more of service would be dismissed before hitting the 20-year mark, few people with 15 years to 20 years of service have opted to leave. The 15-20 year group includes 225,000 officers and senior enlisted personnel – 12 percent of the active-duty force. Active-duty military personnel are not vested with retirement benefits until they have served for 20 years. Once vested, they can draw sizable annuities for life, often starting in their mid-40s, while they begin second careers. Can this be yet another reason for low retention rates? Are there differences between different service departments? Differences between officers and enlisted personnel, male/female, rank, education level, or the number of dependents of member has? All of these areas will be explored and discussed within the text. After combining personal experiences and views of our group, conducting a group survey, and analyzed the results of our research, it was not difficult to conclude that military retention is a growing problem. There are many reasons for this, but the most stressed issues have been those which impact quality of life. The quality of life issues have become so well known that it affects recruiting efforts of all branches of the military. The following will discuss some recent literary reviews and government statements concerning retention in the military, along with the problem of retention, some reasons for the problem, and some possible solutions that are now being established. As stated earlier, issues concerning quality of life seem to be the most important when it comes to retention in the military. For those members of the military who complete their first term successfully and whose performance warrants retention consideration, quality of life factors are important. Surveys have been able to document links between retention and quality of life. In January 1999, Maj. Gen. Donald A. Lamontagne, from Peterson Air Force Base, Co. , addressed the Air Force Space Command Public Affairs in saying that â€Å"We†ve been trying to fix pilot retention with more money, but that†s not the problem. It†s going back and forth to the desert that†s causing the problems, and what†s happening is we are losing pilots faster than we can train them. Last year we lost out pilots at a rate of two every day. Somehow we have to stabilize this. † Military personnel are tired of being deployed for months at a time with very little notice and also want benefits and retirements enhanced and secured. Although compensation was not the leading factor in decisions to leave the military, there is a significant gap between military and civilian compensation that needs to be addressed, as this will aid in recruitment and retention. Government budget cutbacks are also a problem, not only for reasons such as personnel benefits and retirements; for example, the Air Force alone has a $5 billion shortfall in their budget for spare-parts. This makes it very difficult to accomplish and build a world-class Air Force for the future, and lowers the morale of its members. Recruiting and retention issues are not just active duty issues. The National Guard and reserve forces also face these same challenges. Yet, here again, these members face a continuing challenge to benefits. The AFSA (Air Force Sergeants Association), is trying to preserve one guard/reserve benefit that has paid good dividends: the current practice of providing 15 days of fully paid â€Å"military leave† to federal civil servants who are also in the guard or reserve. One administration proposal will, in effect, cost most members their military pay by limiting the total compensation to the higher of civilian pay or military pay, versus the current practice of paying both. It is believed that any such limitation will significantly harm recruiting and retention of those who are civil servants. In particular, former (already trained) military members who become civil servants would lose a major incentive to serve in a reserve capacity. Those civil servants with no prior military service will lose a major incentive to join the reserves. Equally as important is the unknown effect this change will have on civilian employers† support that is currently provided to guard and reserve personnel. Eliminating this program clearly sends the wrong message. The decision to leave or not to join one of the services has been determined in a large part on the perceived steady decline in the quality of life and benefits. To keep a fit, fighting force for the twenty-first century, we as a nation should find the money to pay for it. With so many problems, there is a need for many solutions. All branches of the military are establishing solutions, which in time will tell if they will be successful. The following describes some positive steps for the military, which should be helpful to many areas, and many people. According to Gen. Dick Hawley, Commander, Air Combat Command at Langley Air Force Base, VA, a huge step concerning the quality of life issue has been made by the Air Force. Currently, in Air Combat Command, they are giving almost 80 percent of their people four months notice of lengthy deployments, and almost never has anyone deployed from Air Combat Command with less than a month†s notice. In the past it was not unusual to get a one-week notice for a four-month deployment. This will significantly improve the stability and predictability of personal schedules so people can manage both their professional and personal lives. People can plan educational programs and family events more adequately. Another method used by the Air Force is team basing. Individuals being deployed to certain areas are deployed in teams. This method shows support and should be positive for the morale of their people. The Air Force also is trying to combat the retention problem through assignments, especially with the home-basing concept. With overseas assignments, their people are moving earlier than they would like. With the home-basing concept, this would give the opportunity to elect a home-base location after four to six years on active duty. The concept will allow members to remain at the base they choose for an extended number of years, possibly even until retirement. This doesn†t mean people would never leave. They may have to pull a short tour or go for training, but then they would return to the same base. This would allow families to build equity in homes, children could remain in the same schools, and spouses could keep their own jobs and careers. The longer notices of deployment would also give members time to complete or make arrangements for their continued education. The military strives on professional military education and provides excellent reimbursements for those who choose to further their education. It has become almost mandatory to have a master†s degree to make Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel, with approximately 98 percent of those selected having a master†s degree. The medical issues concerning Tricare are being looked at for possible changes for the better, along with increasing retirement benefits. The military is trying to improve Tricare to match the level of care authorized by the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program (FEHBP). If done, the cost share should cost the military beneficiary no more than those insured by FEHBP and should include, as a minimum, preventative care, dental care, and a universal (including mail-order) prescription drug service. The military retirement system has changed three times, and each time decreasing the benefit. It was last changed in 1986 and now only provides retirement pay based on 40 percent of the high three years of base pay. The issue is still in debate as whether or not to increase the retirement benefit back to 50 percent of base pay. This is a major issue in deciding whether to leave the military or to stay in longer and is also an issue when recruiting. In 1981, by way of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, U. S. Congress mandated that the Military Services, at least annually, provide each member a meaningful statement of total compensation, so that the member fully considers total compensation when making career decisions. The Department of the Navy, in particular, has established the Personal Statement of Military Compensation (PSMC). PSMC is a long term Navy project to give members, at least once a year, a summary of total earnings as an active duty member of the U. S. Navy. The total is made up of cash pays, allowances, and bonuses. The allowances include such things as on-base housing and meals, and benefits include commissaries, exchanges, and hospitals, as well as future benefits such as retirement pay and social security payments. Navy leaders support wholeheartedly the effort to get the full compensation story out to current and potential Navy members thereby contributing to the success of Navy retention and recruiting programs. With technological advancements growing, the military faces another problem with retention. Retention is necessary for essential positions of the military, in which members may choose to leave for whatever reason. One remedy put in place by the U. S. Office of Personnel Management is the Y2K Assistance for Agencies. This plan deals with recruiting and retaining Information Technology Professionals. The Office of Personnel Management states in their bulletin under agency-based flexibility, the procedure for retention allowances. It is stated that agencies have discretionary authority to make continuing (i. . , biweekly) payments of up to 25 percent of basic pay to individual employees and of up to 10 percent of basic pay to a group or category of employees based upon a determination by the agency that: (1) the unusually high or unique qualifications of the employees or a special need of the agency for the employees† services makes it essential to retain the employees; and (2) th e employee or a significant number of employees in the targeted category would be likely to leave the Federal Government (for any reason, including retirement) in the absence of a retention allowance. Retention allowances must be paid in accordance with the agency†s previously established retention allowance plan and must be reviewed and certified annually. Retention allowances are subject to the aggregate limitation on total pay, which is currently $151,800. Another retention technique, and also a way to increase overall morale, is by distributing performance and incentive awards. Agencies within the military have discretionary authority to grant an employee a lump-sum cash award based on a â€Å"Fully Successful† or better rating of record or in recognition of accomplishments that contribute to the efficiency, economy, or other improvement of Government operations. Awards can be tied to specific achievements such as meeting milestones that are identified as part of the work needed to achieve Year 2000 conversion goals. Cash awards do not increase an employee†s basic pay. Awards based on the rating of record can be up to 10 percent of salary, or up to 20 percent for exceptional performance, provided the award does not exceed $10,000 per employee. On January 5, 1999, at a hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Michael E. Ryan called for an additional $30 billion more in Air Force spending dedicated to the readiness program over the next five years. This was in addition to the President†s already proposed injection of $110 billion into the Pentagon†s budget for the readiness program to boost mission capability rates. The service chiefs also urged Congress to press ahead with the President†s previously announced FY 2000 overall 4. 4 percent pay raises, additional targeted pay raises for mid-grade officers and noncommissioned officers and restoration of retirement benefits to 50 percent of base pay for 20 years of service. This confirms to current and potential members of the military that programs are in place to upgrade overall qualities of the military life. According to the U. S. General Accounting Office, more than 30 percent of first term sailors and Marines do not complete the first term of service, many for reasons that relate to poor screening rather than quality of life issues. Although quality of life issues are still considered among the most important when discussing retention, the most useful future research on quality of life issues should connect both objective and subjective variables to militarily relevant outcomes. Issues such as actual retention, on-the-job performance, and overall duty performance, and ultimately readiness and combat performance need to be looked at. Currently, only a fraction of the quality of life research makes the connection between the inputs and these outcomes. Most of this research has focused only on retention. Researchers need to use or to develop metrics that indicate the fighting effectiveness of the military, and then to identify which quality of life programs influence these measures of effectiveness. This, along with more funding, and awareness of military life and its qualities will enhance the future of the military. The data collected came from a simple survey (Appendix A). In all, 114 surveys were collected over a period of 12 days. There was not a particular target group, as the retention problem appears to be spread among service members of all ranks. The only criterion was that individuals had to be at least half way through his/her first enlistment or period of obligated service. This would have given them ample time to be exposed to military life and form an opinion as to whether they would continue serving in the military. Some of the individuals answering the survey seemed reluctant to provide their name, especially when they read the portion of the survey concerning dissatisfying aspects of military service. Many questioned who would see the survey, and only filled it out after they were assured that the information would not be seen by anyone outside the research group. Once the data was collected, it was categorized based on branch of service and whether the individual was on officer or enlisted. Due to the proximity of bases in the area, members of the United States Navy and Marine Corps filled out the majority of surveys. Members of the United States Air Force filled out the remainder of the surveys. The Army was not represented. The results of the survey can be found in Appendix B. While the total number of surveys collected represents less than one tenth of one percent of the total number of people currently on active duty, it does provide some useful data in terms of why there is a growing amount of dissatisfaction among military members. Respondents were put into one of four categories: Navy/Marine Officer; Navy/Marine Enlisted; Air Force Officer; and Air Force Enlisted. Most categories balanced as expected with the exception of two – average age and average time in service for Air Force enlisted members. Both were higher than expected due to a relatively large number of senior-enlisted within the group. When asked what the primary reason for joining the military was, sixty-two percent (62%) answered â€Å"to serve my country† or some variation of that statement. Eleven percent (11%) responded that they joined to have a job or career. Ten percent (10%) answered that they joined because of the opportunity to travel, while an additional ten percent (10%) said they joined as a means toward receiving a higher education. Relating these responses to Maslow†s Need Hierarchy, it can be said that military service, in some way, for some people, satisfies one or more of those needs. Service to country, making what they feel is a meaningful contribution, satisfies the inner need for self-actualization. The military is often viewed as a log-term commitment or even life-long career, with a high degree of job security. Although there have been numerous reductions-in-force (RIFs) over the years due to a steadily declining budget, the military is still seen as an organization where its members can stay for as long as they desire. This, according to Maslow, would satisfy the need for security. The opportunity to further one†s education and to travel fulfills the need for self-esteem. Ever since the Gulf War, the public†s opinion of those in the military has risen significantly in the favorable direction. All of these contribute to positive feelings by military members and help satisfy the need for self-esteem. When asked which aspects of military service were most satisfying, the most common answer, by far, was making friends. Again, when relating this to the Need Hierarchy, the social need is the only one that cannot be met by an individual. It is reasonable to assume that this need is important because of the unique type of demands military service puts on a family. The majority of service members have to re-locate, on average, every three years. This equates to a new home, new jobs, and new schools for everyone. Even though a service member might choose to serve 20 years, he has more than likely moved at least 6 times, unlike his civilian counterpart, who in 20 years may have never moved once. The second most common response regarding satisfying aspects was the opportunity to travel. Again, moving every 3 years, gives personnel ample opportunity to live in a variety of locations both stateside and abroad. There are many bases throughout the world. Getting stationed in some of the more desirable areas certainly makes the idea of relocating easier. If an individual is assigned to a deploying unit, he/she can expect to go to different areas, as required, for duration of a few days to as long as six months. This is not always seen as a satisfying aspect and the negative side of this will be discussed later. Also, certain â€Å"perks† such as the use of Air Mobility Command (AMC), provides the ability to travel all over the world on a space available basis with little or no cost to personnel. We also asked military personnel what the three most dissatisfying aspects of being in the military were. Due to the differences in military branch, rank, time in service, and age, we received a variety of reasons. Like any other survey we received some questionable responses, such as not being able to smoke pot (marijuana) and having to wear a uniform everyday. At times it was hard to distinguish whether these responses were serious. On the other hand, we also received many valid reasons. From the results of the 114 surveys we got back, it was determined that the three most common dissatisfying aspects of being in the military were: family separation, poor leadership, and eroding benefits. Family separation is of great concern for the majority of military members, particularly those who are married. Military members can be assigned permanent change of station (PCS) orders unaccompanied (without spouse or other dependents) for up to 15 months or they can be sent to numerous short notice deployments. Whether they are Navy, Marines, or Air Force, they are sent away from their families an average of 40% to 50% percent of the year. Some examples of these separations were provided on the additional comments section. For Navy personnel, they had to be away from their families for approximately 6 months in order to fulfill their ship/sea duty as required by the Navy. In some instances, such as for pilots, they were re-deployed from the carriers to different locations for unspecified lengths of time. For Marines, they were also tasked for numerous deployments through out the year without knowing how long they would be gone. The Marine pilots were also in the same position as the Navy pilots, as they usually train together on aircraft carriers. For Air Force personnel, the situation was similar. Numerous deployments throughout the year to different bases, such as Southwest Asia, which are at least 4 months long, seem to be very unpopular among military members. These deployments are usually to remote places half way around the world where living conditions are very poor. Some locations don†t even provide individuals a way to communicate back to their families. These situations take a toll on marriages. Several surveys indicated that these types of constant deployments contributed to military members being divorced at least two or three times throughout their military careers. For single military members, being away from their home stations also made it impossible for them to go home on leave to visit their families. Many of the young, single enlisted members said it was difficult not to be able to go home for holidays, but rather having to spend them alone at deployed locations. In some instances, it was impossible for military members to go home at times of emergency, such as severe illness or death of an immediate family member. These situations are hard enough and family separation only makes them more difficult. There are numerous reasons why deployments or unaccompanied permanent change of stations (PCS†s) can cause hardships on military members but the main dissatisfaction is family separation. Poor Leadership is another popular dissatisfying aspect of being in the military. Just like any organization, you are going to have a few managers/leaders that are not very popular among employees. In the military, managers or leaders are appointed differently than in traditional civilian organizations. Supervisors or leaders are appointed according to rank. For example, if somebody is newly appointed to your section and he or she is the highest- ranking person there, they are usually the ones in charge of the section. For this reason, you might get a good leader that knows how to treat people and take care of business, or you might get the â€Å"micro-managing† leader that is just looking out for him/herself in order to get a promotion or favorable evaluation. This type of leadership is found in every position throughout the military. It can range from one†s immediate supervisor, to shop chief, flight chief, section commander, squadron commander and so on. Since one of the main goals of every military member is to achieve the highest rank possible, criticizing or speaking out against poor leadership can be detrimental to one†s career advancement. One of the main complaints about leadership, according to those answering the survey, is that leadership does not remain constant. People, usually those in leadership positions that are trying to â€Å"get a check in the block† for the next promotion, can be assigned to a duty station or duty section anywhere from one to three or more years. These leaders usually try to quick-fix existing problems or they leave them for the person replacing them. This results in work sections getting a mix of management styles. The assigned personnel that remain are the ones that have to endure this. They might get good leaders for short periods of time and then have them replaced by bad leaders and so on throughout their assignment. Yet another example of poor leadership, according to surveyees, are those who â€Å"brown-nose† or â€Å"suck-up† to leaders in the organizations. These are leaders that are afraid or not willing to make suggestions to superiors on how to fix organizational problems. They would rather blindly do as their superiors tell them. These leaders or â€Å"politicians†, as stated before, are just looking out for themselves. Eroding benefits was the third most common dissatisfying aspect of being in the military. According to those â€Å"career† military members that have been in over ten years, military benefits have been cut back drastically over the past few years. Those members that joined the military within the last few years do not have the same benefits that those that joined over ten years ago do. For example, the amount of retirement pay after 20 years of service is 50% of base pay for those that joined prior to 1986 and 40% for those that have joined since. Another major complaint is that medical benefits and the quality of medical care have been decreasing every year. Another source of dissatisfaction is that training opportunities or assignment preferences are not available anymore. Some personnel feel stuck in certain locations, and it denies them one of the major reasons for joining in the first place – an opportunity to travel. While some personnel enjoy the stability of not having to move as much, there are many who like to move at the end of their tour and move on to another location. Military members see cutbacks as the major reason for increased family separation, decreasing benefits, and the development and advancement of poor leaders. Over the last several years, the military has gone through a massive downsizing. This resulted in having to continuously do more with less. The operations tempo of many flying squadrons increased and due to under-manning, assigned personnel has to constantly go on deployments. Promotions are now harder to come by because now there are many people competing for fewer positions. The cutbacks in the military budget have caused the closing of many military installations around the world. Military members viewed many of these installations as benefits because they were considered popular assignment preferences. These assignments were in popular spots around the world that were, for some members, reason to join the military in order to get there. There are various reasons individuals are deciding to voluntarily leave the military. Despite relatively high job security and increasing monetary incentives, many do not feel this is compensation enough to have to endure the increasing hardships put upon them. What can the military do to retain personnel? The government must start by addressing the numerous quality of life issues that military members currently face. Merely offering more money to people will entice some to stay, but the reason most people joined in the first place had nothing to do with money. It is a well-known fact, verified by numerous studies, that a pay gap exists between military members and what would be considered their equivalent civilian counterpart. Until these issues are addressed and personnel start to see a real change in operations and personnel tempo, the military is going to continue to see good people leave its ranks.